WORLD AFFILIATE GUIDEINDEPENDENT · INTERNATIONAL · PRACTICAL

Affiliate marketing A–Z

Learn the language behind the revenue.

Plain-English definitions for affiliate partnerships, advertising, tracking, creator commerce and publisher monetisation. The vocabulary can sound more complicated than the underlying ideas, so every definition focuses first on what the term means in ordinary day-to-day work.

Use the search when you meet an unfamiliar expression in a contract, report or platform demonstration. Then return to the surrounding decision: who is paid, which event is measured, what data is used and which person carries the risk when the expected outcome does not happen.

119 definitions
Visual map connecting affiliate marketing, attribution and measurement concepts
CONCEPTS IN CONTEXTConnect each term to the decision, data and value it describes.

A

Absolute effect

The measured difference in the original unit between an exposed group and a baseline, such as twenty additional approved sales.

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Accepted lead

A submitted prospect that meets documented criteria and can enter the sales process.

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Advertiser

The brand or merchant funding a campaign, affiliate programme or paid placement.

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Affiliate

A person or organisation that promotes an advertiser and may earn a commission when an agreed action occurs.

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Affiliate network

An intermediary platform connecting advertisers and publishers while supporting tracking, reporting and payments.

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Approval lag

The time between a recorded conversion and the final approval or rejection decision.

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Approval rate

The percentage of recorded conversions that are accepted as eligible and payable after validation.

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Assisted conversion

A conversion in which a channel or partner contributed to the journey without receiving the final attribution credit.

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Attribution

The rules used to assign credit for a conversion across one or more marketing touchpoints.

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Attribution precedence

The written rule that decides which eligible signal, such as a click or assigned code, receives credit when signals conflict.

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Audit trail

A dated sequence of records showing how a conversion, commission or programme decision was created and changed.

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B

Brand bidding

Paid-search activity in which affiliates bid on an advertiser’s brand terms, subject to programme rules.

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C

Chargeback

The reversal of a previously recorded sale or commission after a refund, cancellation or invalid transaction.

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Click ID

A unique identifier attached to a click so that later events can be matched to the original visit.

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Click injection

An abusive technique that inserts a click immediately before a conversion in an attempt to claim attribution.

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Code leakage

Use or publication of a promotional code beyond the audience or placement for which it was issued; it needs investigation before any payment decision.

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Commission

The amount paid to a partner for an approved sale, lead, click or other agreed outcome.

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Commission base

The eligible amount to which the commission rate applies after programme-defined inclusions, exclusions and discounts.

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Commission leakage

Commission paid on ineligible, duplicate or otherwise incorrectly approved outcomes.

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Commission reconciliation

The comparison of approved conversions, ledger entries, invoices and payments so every difference can be explained.

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Content commerce

Editorial content that helps an audience make a commercial decision and may generate advertising, affiliate or retail revenue.

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Content freshness

The degree to which published product claims, prices, links and availability still match current evidence.

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Conversion

A completed action that has business value, such as a sale, subscription, lead or app install.

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Conversion rate

The percentage of visitors or clicks that complete the target action.

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Conversion validation

The documented process used to approve, reject or reverse a recorded conversion under programme rules.

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Counterfactual

An estimate of what would probably have happened without the partner, campaign or change being evaluated.

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Coupon attribution

Rules that decide whether a coupon, code or related interaction receives credit for a conversion.

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CPA

Cost per action or acquisition: spend divided by the number of approved target actions.

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CPC

Cost per click: the price paid for each recorded click.

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CPL

Cost per lead: the price paid for each lead meeting the agreed validation criteria.

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CPM

Cost per mille: the price paid for one thousand ad impressions.

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Creative

Any approved promotional asset, including banners, copy, product images, video or landing-page modules.

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Creator brief

A concise document setting the objective, audience, supportable claims, deliverables, constraints and editorial freedom.

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D

Decision register

A dated record of a decision, its context, owner, supporting evidence and planned review date.

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Decision rights

An explicit allocation of programme decisions to an owner, contributors, approvers and an escalation route.

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Deduplication

The process of preventing the same conversion from being credited to multiple channels or partners.

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Delivery retry

Another delivery attempt following a failure or missing response. Timing, limits and conditions depend on the provider.

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Disclosure

A clear statement informing an audience that content contains advertising, sponsorship or affiliate links.

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Display advertising

Visual ads delivered across websites or apps in standard, responsive, native or rich-media formats.

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E

Editorial independence

The ability to apply consistent criteria, explain limitations and reach conclusions without commercial pressure determining the outcome.

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EPC

Earnings per click: commission revenue divided by the number of clicks, often shown as an average.

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Event identifier

A reference identifying a message or event, including repeated delivery; it does not replace the order identifier.

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Evidence register

A list of claims or findings with their source, owner, capture date and known limitation.

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Exclusive promo code

A code assigned to a specified partner or audience under documented use and attribution rules.

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F

False positive

A legitimate interaction or conversion incorrectly identified by a control as suspicious or invalid.

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Feed latency

The delay between a change in the source catalogue and the same change appearing in a partner's usable product data.

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First-party data

Information collected directly by an organisation through its own audience relationships and properties.

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Flat fee

A fixed payment for a placement, deliverable or campaign, independent of tracked performance.

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Frequency cap

A rule limiting how often the same user is shown an advertisement within a defined period.

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G

Geo-targeting

Restricting or adapting a campaign according to a user’s country, region or other location signal.

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Geo experiment

A test comparing sufficiently similar exposed and control regions to estimate the effect of an intervention.

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H

Holdout group

A population intentionally not exposed to the tested intervention so it can represent outcomes without that intervention.

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I

Ideal partner profile

A documented description of the partner suited to a particular audience, market and role in the customer journey.

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Idempotency

A property where repeating an operation with the same data within its defined scope does not create another business effect. API keys and message deduplication have different scopes.

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Impression

A recorded instance of an advertisement or creative being served.

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Incrementality

The additional outcomes caused by a marketing activity beyond what would likely have happened anyway.

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Incremental lift

The estimated difference between the outcome observed with an intervention and the counterfactual expected without it.

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Influencer marketing

Commercial collaboration with creators who communicate to an established audience.

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L

Landing-page consistency

The degree to which a promoted product's title, variant, price, availability and claims match its destination page.

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Landing page

The destination page designed to receive campaign traffic and encourage a specific action.

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Last-click attribution

A model assigning conversion credit to the final eligible marketing click before the action.

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Lead

A person or organisation that has expressed interest and supplied information for follow-up.

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Lifetime value

The estimated net value generated by a customer over the duration of the relationship.

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Localisation

The adaptation of content, products and operations to the language, customs, rules and expectations of a market.

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M

Market readiness

The combined preparation of demand, customer journey, margin, partners, payments, support and regulatory requirements.

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N

Native advertising

Paid content designed to fit the format and experience of the surrounding publisher environment.

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Net contribution

Eligible revenue minus relevant variable costs, commissions and programme operating costs.

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O

Offer

The commercial proposition, commission and rules made available to eligible partners.

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Operating cadence

The shared schedule of controls, reviews and conversations required to run a programme consistently.

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Out-of-order event

An event received in a different sequence from business operations, such as a refund processed locally before its order has been recorded.

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P

Partner

A broad term covering affiliates, creators, publishers, referrers, resellers and technology integrations.

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Partner activation

The first milestone proving that an approved partner is contributing, such as a live placement, qualified traffic or validated conversion.

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Partner cohort

A group of partners joining in the same period or sharing a defined characteristic, tracked to compare activation and results.

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Partner cohort analysis

A comparison of partners grouped by joining period or shared characteristics to understand activation and quality over time.

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Partner concentration

The share of approved programme value supplied by one partner or a small group of partners.

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Payment batch

A group of validated commissions prepared for release through the same payment operation.

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Payout threshold

The minimum approved balance required before a platform releases a payment.

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Performance marketing

Marketing in which spending and optimisation are linked to measurable outcomes.

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Pipeline value

The estimated value of open commercial opportunities, interpreted with their probability and stage.

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Postback

A server-to-server message that reports a conversion or status change without relying only on browser storage.

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Price mismatch

A difference between the price supplied to partners and the price a customer sees or can pay on the destination page.

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Product variant

A sellable version of a parent product, such as one size or colour, with its own availability and often its own identifier.

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Publisher

A website, app, media owner or creator that distributes content and can monetise audience attention.

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Q

Quality scorecard

A set of defined measures and evidence used to review partner value, traffic quality and operational reliability.

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R

Randomisation

The assignment of units to groups by chance to reduce systematic differences between the groups being compared.

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Reason code

A standard label that explains why a conversion, payment or account decision was made.

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Reconciliation gap

An unexplained difference between platform conversions, approved orders, commission records or payments.

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Recruitment funnel

The defined stages through which a prospective partner moves from identification to qualification, onboarding and activation.

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Referral programme

A system rewarding customers or advocates for introducing new users or buyers.

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Relative effect

A change expressed as a percentage of the baseline, interpreted together with the absolute effect and uncertainty.

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Revenue share

A commission calculated as a percentage of eligible revenue.

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Reversal rate

The percentage of recorded conversions later cancelled, rejected or removed from payable results.

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ROAS

Return on ad spend: attributed revenue divided by advertising spend.

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ROI

Return on investment: net return compared with the total cost of the activity.

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Rule version

A reference identifying conditions applied to an operation so a historical calculation can be reproduced after rate changes.

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S

Sales handoff

The documented transfer of a lead to sales with context, response time and a feedback status.

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Scale gate

A set of minimum conditions agreed before a pilot to decide whether a market or activity should be expanded.

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SKU

A merchant's internal stock-keeping unit used to distinguish a sellable item or variant; it should map consistently to catalogue and order records.

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Source of truth

The agreed record used to settle a measure when several systems report different values.

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Sub-affiliate

A partner that operates its own network of traffic sources or publishers under a primary account.

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T

Test contamination

A situation in which the control group is exposed to the tested intervention, reducing the ability to measure a reliable difference.

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Time to activation

The duration between partner approval and the first activation milestone defined by the programme.

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Time to first value

The duration before a newly onboarded partner or customer achieves the first meaningful outcome beyond account creation.

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Timing difference

A temporary mismatch created when closing, validation, invoicing and payment dates do not align.

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Tracking pixel

A small resource request used to report page views or events; deployment may require consent.

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Tracking test

A documented customer journey used to confirm that an eligible event is recorded, attributed and deduplicated correctly.

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Tracking window

The period after an eligible interaction during which a conversion may be attributed.

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Traffic quality

The degree to which visits and actions are genuine, relevant, policy-compliant and capable of producing approved business value.

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Transcreation

Creative adaptation that preserves the purpose and cultural relevance of a message instead of translating its words literally.

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U

Usage licence

Permission defining where, for how long and in which formats content may be reproduced or promoted.

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UTM parameters

URL parameters commonly used to label campaign source, medium, campaign, term and content in analytics.

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V

Validation hold

A temporary state in which a conversion remains under review before approval or rejection.

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Validation period

The time during which an advertiser reviews conversions before approving or rejecting commission.

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Viewability

A measurement of whether an ad had a reasonable opportunity to be seen on screen.

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Put the terms to work

Move from vocabulary to a practical revenue plan.

Knowing the words makes it easier to compare offers, question a report and explain a decision to colleagues or partners. The next step is to connect those definitions to a real audience, budget and operating process.

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Calculate with comparable units

Use the same period, currency and conversion definition. These figures are illustrative assumptions, not an earnings promise.

Educational example
MetricFormulaEducational example
CTR100 × clicks / views1 500 / 10 000 = 15 %
CVR100 × orders / clicks45 / 1 500 = 3 %
Approval rate100 × approved / recorded90 / 100 = 90 %
EPCapproved commission / clicks486 € / 1 500 = 0.324 €
RPM1 000 × revenue / visits1 000 × 486 € / 10 000 = 48.60 €

From 10,000 visits, a 15% offer click rate produces 1,500 clicks. At a 3% order rate, 45 orders are recorded. With 90% approval and €12 per approved order, expected commission is €486 before costs. An expectation of 40.5 orders is a model average, not an actual order count.

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Explicit rules and reliable events